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1.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Quito) ; 43(1): 172-181, dic.2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1005254

ABSTRACT

Contexto: el dolor postoperatorio es uno de los principales problemas en la práctica quirúrgica y debe ser tratado de forma adecuada para lograr una evolución favorable en el paciente. Objetivo: evaluar el bloqueo subcostal laparoscópico del plano transverso del abdomen con bupivacaína 0,5%, versus el no bloqueo en pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía de patología biliar en el hospital San Francisco de Quito. Metodología: estudio epidemiológico de casos y controles de pacientes que ingresaron al hospital San Francisco de Quito. Son 210 pacientes divididos de forma equitativa en dos grupos, en uno de ellos se aplicó bloqueo subcostal, mientras que el otro fue sin intervención. Los dos grupos fueron observados y valorados por 24 horas. Las variables cuantitativas se reportaron como promedios (± DE, desviación estándar) y las cualitativas con sus valores absolutos y relativos (porcentajes). Las comparaciones de variables cuantitativas se realizaron con la prueba t-Student, mientras que para las cualitativas se usaron pruebas de independencia para proporciones x2 y prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: comparado con el segundo grupo la tasa de analgesia de rescate fue significativamente menor en los pacientes que recibieron bloqueo laparoscópico con bupivacaína al 0,5% (28,6% vs. 51,4 %, respectivamente). La reducción en el uso de analgésicos fue en promedio del 22,9% (C 95 %:36,7, 9 %; p =0,0012), equivalente a un OR: 0,38 (IC 95 %: 0,21, 0,67; p = 0,004). ORad = 0,38 (IC 95 %: 0,21, 0,67; p <0,01). El uso de opioides fue menor en el grupo con bloqueo, comparado con su control (46,7% vs 59,3 %),mientras que el uso de paracetamol fue mayor (30% vs 18,5 %). Y en el uso de analgésicos no esteroidales (AINES) el resultado fue similar (23,3% vs 22,2 %). Conclusión: el bloqueo subcostal laparoscópico se muestra como una técnica eficaz para control y tratamiento del dolor en pacientes sometidos a cirugía con patología biliar, disminuyendo el uso de analgesia de rescate durante las 6 primeras horas. (AU)


Context: the postoperative pain is one of the main problems in surgical practices; it must be adequately treated to achieve a favorable evolution in the patient. Objective: To evaluate the laparoscopic subcostal block of the transverse plane of the abdomen with 0.5% of bupivacaine, versus the non-block in adult patients that had surgery of biliary pathology at San Francisco de Quito Hospital. Methodology: epidemiological study of cases and controls of patients that were admitted to the San Francisco de Quito Hospital. There are 210 patients equally divided in two groups, in the first group the subcostal block was applied, while in the other group was without intervention. The two groups were observed and assessed for 24 hours. The quantitative variables were reported as averages (± SD, Standard Deviation) and qualitative variables with their absolute and relative values (percentages) were also reported as well. The comparisons of quantitative variables were performed with a t-Student test, while the comparison of qualitative variables was performed with independent tests for proportions x2 and Fisher's exact test. Results: compared with the second group, the rate of analgesia for rescue was significantly lower in patients who received laparoscopic block with 0.5% bupivacaine (28.6% vs. 51.4%, respectively). The reduction in the use of analgesics was of 22.9% on average (95% CI: 36.7, 9%, p = 0.0012), equivalent to an OR: 0.38 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.67, p = 0.004). ORad = 0.38 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.67, p <0.01). The use of opioids was lower in the group with block compared to its control (46.7% vs 59.3%), the use of paracetamol was higher (30% vs 18.5%) and in the use of non-steroidal analgesics (NSAIDs), the result was similar (23.3% vs 22.2%). Conclusion: laparoscopic subcostal block is shown as an effective technique for pain control and treatment in patients that had surgery with biliary pathology, reducing the use of analgesia on average during the first 6 hours. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pain, Postoperative , Biliary Tract , Analgesia , Pathology , Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms , Perioperative Care
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 68(2): 149-153, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897834

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and goal of study: After laparoscopic cholecystectomy, patients have moderate pain in the early postoperative period. Some studies shown beneficial effects of subcostal transversus abdominis plane block on reducing this pain. Our goal was to investigate influence of subcostal transversus abdominis plane block on postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption. Materials and methods: We have randomized 76 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy to receive either subcostal transversus abdominis plane block (n = 38) or standard postoperative analgesia (n = 38). First group received bilateral ultrasound guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block with 20 mL of 0.33% bupivacaine per side before operation and tramadol 1 mg.kg−1 IV for pain breakthrough (≥6). Second group received after operation tramadol 1 mg.kg−1/6 h as standard hospital analgesia protocol. Both groups received acetaminophen 1 g/8 h IV and metamizole 2.5 g/12 h. Pain at rest was recorded for each patient using NR scale (0-10) in period of 10 min, 30 min, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 16 h after the surgery. Results and discussion: We obtained no difference between groups according age, weight, intraoperative fentanyl consumption and duration of surgery. Subcostal transversus abdominis plane block significantly reduced postoperative pain scores compared to standard analgesia in all periods after surgery. Tramadol consumption was significantly lower in the subcostal transversus abdominis plane (24.29 ± 47.54 g) than in the standard analgesia group (270.2 ± 81.9 g) (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Our results show that subcostal transversus abdominis plane block can provide superior postoperative analgesia and reduction in opioid requirements after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivo: Após a colecistectomia laparoscópica, os pacientes apresentam dor moderada no pós-operatório imediato. Alguns estudos mostraram efeitos benéficos do bloqueio do plano transverso abdominal subcostal na redução dessa dor. Nosso objetivo foi investigar a influência do bloqueio do plano transverso abdominal subcostal nos escores de dor no pós-operatório e no consumo de opioides. Materiais e métodos: Foram randomizados 76 pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia laparoscópica para receber o bloqueio do plano transverso abdominal subcostal (n = 38) ou analgesia padrão no pós-operatório (n = 38). O primeiro grupo recebeu bloqueio do plano transverso abdominal subcostal bilateral guiado por ultrassom com 20 mL de bupivacaína a 0,33% em cada lado antes da operação e tramadol IV (1 mg.kg−1) para controle da dor (≥ 6). O segundo grupo recebeu tramadol (1 mg.kg−1/6 h) como protocolo-padrão de analgesia hospitalar pós-cirurgia. Ambos os grupos receberam acetaminofeno IV (1 g/8 h) e dipirona (2,5 g/12 h). A dor em repouso foi registrada para cada paciente com o uso da escala NR (0-10) nos períodos de 10 min, 30 min, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h e 16 h após a cirurgia. Resultados e discussão: Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação a idade, peso, consumo intraoperatório de fentanil e duração da cirurgia. O bloqueio do plano transverso abdominal subcostal reduziu significativamente o escore de dor no pós-operatório em comparação com a analgesia-padrão em todos os períodos após a cirurgia. O consumo de tramadol foi significativamente menor no grupo bloqueio do plano transverso abdominal subcostal (24,29 ± 47,54 g) do que no grupo analgesia padrão (270,2 ± 81,9 g) (p = 0,000). Conclusão: Nossos resultados mostram que o bloqueio do plano transverso abdominal subcostal pode proporcionar analgesia superior no pós-operatório e redução da necessidade de opioides após colecistectomia laparoscópica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Pain, Postoperative/therapy , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic , Analgesia , Nerve Block/methods , Pain Measurement , Prospective Studies , Abdominal Muscles , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Middle Aged
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